Underpinning

What is Underpinning ?

Underpinning is a method for repair and strengthening of building foundations. Underpinning methods
Another story is being added to the structure, requiring deeper foundational footings to help support greater load bearing capacity.
Underpinning is a method for repair and strengthening of building foundations. Underpinning methods, procedures, and their applications in strengthening of different types of foundations. The method of underpinning help to strengthen the foundation of an existing building or any other infrastructure.
This is achieved by extending the foundation deeper into the ground or by increasing its overall width. The purpose of underpinning is to provide additional support to a foundation that has become weak or unstable, often as a result of changes in soil conditions, water damage, or foundation settling.
These involve installation of permanent or temporary support to an already held foundation so that additional depth and bearing capacity is achieved.

Mass Concrete Underpinning (Pit Method)

Mass concrete underpinning method is the traditional method of underpinning, as it has been followed by centuries. The method involves extending the old foundation till it reaches a stable stratum. The soil below the existing foundation is excavated in a controlled manner through stages or pins. When strata suitable is reached, the excavation is filled with concrete and kept for curing before next excavation starts. In order to transfer the load from old foundation to new one. Hand tools such as shovels and post hole diggers are used; heavy machinery is not employed in this method due to the small size of the boxes being dug. There are several advantages to using this method of underpinning, including the simplicity of the engineering, lower cost of labour, and the continuity of the structure’s use during construction.

Beam and Base Underpinning

This is a newer form of underpinning where a reinforced concrete/steel beam is constructed below, above, or in replacement of the existing footing.
The beam then transfers the weight of the building to these concrete/metal bases which have been positioned in strategic load-bearing locations.
This is slightly more sophisticated than mass concrete underpinning in that it’s essentially adding a new concrete/steel base to an older one, not replacing it.

Mini Piled Underpinning

This method can be implemented where the loads from the foundation have to transferred to strata located at a distance greater than 5m. This method is adaptable for soil that has variable nature. Piles of diameter between 150 to 300mm in diameter is driven which may be either augured or driven steel cased ones.
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